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News | BICON Laboratories

Technical note 3


Transport of electric energy occurs via electromagnetic waves along conductors

DC, 50 Hz, AM-, FM-, TV- and digital signals, etc. flow from source to destination as electromagnetic waves, guided along two conductors. One of the two conductors is usually integrated with similar conductors of other systems into a common ground system, but this is irrelevant for the signal flow.
If one conductor consists of a groundplane, this plane must not be interrupted by slits, as these block the flow of electromagnetic waves, causing reflections and emission.
The charge density of free electrons in copper is approx. 14 Coulomb/mm3. A 50 Hz mains current of 1 Amp corresponds to 1 Coulomb/sec. The electrons move during one-half cycle (1/100 sec) in a conductor with a cross-section of 1 mm2 only 0.7 µm in one direction; this direction is reversed during the next half cycle.
Conclusion: the chance that the electrons at the mains wall outlet will reach your refrigerator is neglectable small.
Even for the direct current from a car battery, it takes the individual electrons hours for a complete roundtrip.